There is fewer and fewer fresh water available in the world. However, if a state doesn't have enough fresh water it can't feed its population and develop itself. Indeed, water consumption is one of the factors which prove that a state is a developed one. United Nations think water could be more precious that oil; so water is called 'blue gold'.
To have available water has became an crucial economic issue. This could be the first reason of conflicts between several states.
Water is unequally distributed. Thus, it's crucial that states get on well and share water. And yet, it's extremely difficult because for example when there is a transborder river upstream countrie(s) can control the river flow and threaten downstream countries.
In 1503,in Italy, Léonard de Vinci and Machiavel were thinking about divert the Arno river from Pise because Florence was fighting against. In Africa, droughts were and are still linked with social problems. In Asia, water is an politic power tool.
To have available water has became an crucial economic issue. This could be the first reason of conflicts between several states.
Water is unequally distributed. Thus, it's crucial that states get on well and share water. And yet, it's extremely difficult because for example when there is a transborder river upstream countrie(s) can control the river flow and threaten downstream countries.
In 1503,in Italy, Léonard de Vinci and Machiavel were thinking about divert the Arno river from Pise because Florence was fighting against. In Africa, droughts were and are still linked with social problems. In Asia, water is an politic power tool.
*************
Some people think managing water between states can lead to pacification. For instance, during the 1960's war, India and Pakistan kept on building the Indus river facilities.
Several meetings about water show the realization of a lot of countries that management of water must be though together. Nonetheless, no measures were taken.
At the first international lecture about water in 1977 in Mar del Plata in Argentina, water was defined as a common good that anyone can access without any maters. In 1992, in Dublin, water was defined as a economic good. In 1997, in Marrakech, in Morocco, at the world water forum, experts talked about their fear of water conflicts, more expensive water. In 1992 in Rio and in 1997 in New York, at the earth summit, water wasn't really present.
In 2000 in La Haye in the Netherlands, at the second world water forum, everyone agrees about the importance of managing well water but not about the measures to take. Water was finally defined as an essential good for humans and ecosystems' life and health and the main key of countries' development.
The most crucial issue about water is to assure cost-effective management of water and guarantee the poors' access to it.
Source : http://www.cnrs.fr/
No comments:
Post a Comment